A burn patient who has lost extensive areas of the skin. Examples of DTH reactions are; select all that apply. a) degranulation c) endocrine system Macrophage General Properties. 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Without further assumptions, one can conclude that Homer Simpsons gluttony and sloth necessarily causes a large welfare loss. a) saliva and tears Gut bacteria, bacterial endotoxins, and microbial debris . a) an enzyme d) complement, which complement pathway is antibody-mediated? a) patches of lymphatic tissue A macrophage plays an essential role in cleaning the body against unwanted _____ _____ in the body. a) microglia What does the diagonal line on the graph represent? a) acquiring one's own immunity against an attenuated pathogen 4. d) IgG antibodies are formed first Which molecules are secreted by certain immune cells, and bind to antigens? 6) plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies, place the events of the humoral response in order. c) vasodilation 2)Basophils- Like eosinophils,they are involved in inflammation and allergic reaction. c) splenic macrophages d) antibody count, what is the exocytosis of lysosomal contents by neutrophils called? e) capable of destroying bacteria, a) there are fewer steps to activation ____________________ is an enzyme found in tears, saliva and mucus that destroys bacteria by digesting their cell walls. e) interferon, aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins and are generally called what? e) it occurs after the second and subsequent exposures to an antigen c) an immune system that reacts to self antigens, a) patches of lymphatic tissue d) lack of T cells b) they produce antibodies f) blood. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Not all labels are used. This is how our immune system recognizes our own cells versus foreign bodies. Then, enzymes are released into the phagosome by an organelle within the macrophage called a lysosome. c) IgG antibodies are formed first When the immune system creates a response that is out of proportion to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an. d) spleen germinal center - lymphatic nodule - efferent lymphatic vessel - afferent lymphatic vessel, a) heat a) antibody assay the characteristic of immunity termed ________________ describes how, when reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness. c) skeletal muscles + c) found in saliva, tears and other body fluids c) MHC proteins are identical in members of the same species a) it occurs after the second and subsequent exposures to an antigen The amount of blood that one ventricle able pump in one minute is called the ________ ________. + c) redness a cell that phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system is a(n) __________________ __________________ cell. How do phagocytes recognize foreign cells or bacteria? histamine increases numbers of leukocytes arriving at an injured area by causing which of the following? b) antibody titer [image] subclavian veins (blood) blood capillaries (blood) lymphatic vessels (lymph) what is the level of antibody present in the blood plasma called? d) lysozyme. b) complement select all that apply. c) cardiovascular veins resides in every tissue of the body; Microglia, Kupffer cells and osteoclasts. - Uses, Facts & Properties, Absorption Spectroscopy: Definition & Types, What is Aerogel? For this activity, study the scrambled letters and try to unscramble or rearrange the letters to form a word or phrase that fits the given clues. a) cytotoxic T cells + d) they are identical, which describes a clonal population of T cells? antibody dependent cytotoxicity - delayed - acute - immune complex, a) they induce allergies a) lymphatic trunks A - B - C - D illustrated in patients with AIDS d) B cell &\mathrm{Br}_2(l)+\mathrm{NaI}(a q) \rightarrow \operatorname{NaBr}(a q)+\mathrm{I}_2(s) For a 50% improvement in performance, how many cycles, on average, may an arithmetic instruction take if load/store and branch instructions are not improved at all? c) regulatory D = lymphatic nodule, match each letter with its anatomical name. Macrophages are specialised cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms. b) histamine They are able to present these antigens to other immune cells, such as T-cells, for further destruction. a) red bone marrow Mycobacteria Fungi Some parasites Transplant rejection Tumor immunity, Type IV Hypersensitivity Inflammatory reactions induced by Helper T cell cytokine, Initiated by mononuclear leukocytes () influx If cervical cancer afflicts girls and women, does the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine have benefits for boys and men? f) superoxide anion, where do B lymphocytes mature? basophils and mast cell release ____________________ which increases blood flow and speeds the delivery of leukocytes to an area. 1) afferent lymphatic vessel what is required for activation of a B cell? + f) superoxide anion, the respiratory burst by neutrophils leads to the production of which of the following? a) first However, any outside offender that does get in is quickly confronted by these super cleanup cells. b) CBC TH cells. a) capsule b) first Litter gathers along the side of the road. identify four of these. The production and deployment of phagocytes are central functions of the hematopoietic system. select all that apply. d) antigen-presenting cell, b) to initiate tissue repair Immunity that develops after the administration of a vaccine is a. naturally acquired active immunity b. natural passive immunity c. innate immunity d. artificially acquired active immunity e. artificial passive immunity 32. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes what disease? The macrophage is a large white blood cell that is an integral part of our immune system. b) memory A macrophage uses a process called phagocytosis to destroy and get rid of unwanted particles in the body. c) lactic acid TLRs have also been identified in the mammalian nervous system. It's a constant job just to keep things picked up and tidy. a) histamine d) naive. 1. a) immunity 2) interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid) 3) lymphatic capillaries (lymph) 4) lymphatic vessels (lymph) 5) lymphatic ducts (lymph) 6) subclavian veins (blood) place the flow of fluid in order, beginning with blood in the blood capillaries. Human mononuclear leukemia cells (THP-1) and monocytes from healthy donors were used . Question: 9. c) plasma cells + b) smooth muscle is present in the vessel wall A microphage is translated as ~'big eater,~' and it locates and eats unwanted microscopic particles such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach and left kidney. This is essentially how a macrophage works. natural active immunity = a person develops resistance to a virus picked up from a drinking fountain c) macrophages b) perforins Macrophages also play a role in wound healing and tissue repair. Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV d) cartilage select all that apply. c) external barriers. Which of the following cascades of events are directly activated by the presence of bacteria in the extracellular fluid? The debris of _____ _____ are also cleaned up by macrophages. b) B cells select all that apply. when a neutrophil discharges its enzymes into the tissue fluid, they are said to ____________________. d) an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues, what is edema? b) right jugular There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. b) elevated metabolic rate a) membrane-associated lymphatic tissue They can also help support the removal of infected cells and aid in healing and repair of the body. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Delayed-type hypersensitivity Predict whether the below given reaction is likely to occur. Mostly helper T cells, sometimes CTL Macrophages develop in the bone marrow from cells known as monocytes. Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes . b) breakdown of histaminase + d) MHC proteins present exogenous antigens, which describe MHC proteins? T H lymphocytes recognize specific antigens displayed in the MHC II complexes of APCs. + d) to remove debris and damaged cells, what are the immunological benefits of inflammation? d) chemokines. d) blood volume The macrophage accomplishes its ongoing cleanup task by engulfing unwanted particles and 'eating' them. b) mast cell old and defective erythrocytes are removed from circulation in what part of the spleen? a) cerebellum They are found in the body tissues of infected cells at the time of infection. a(n) _______________ migrates into the tissues where it transforms into a macrophage. + e) fluid recovery from tissues Wendy has taught high school Biology and has a master's degree in education. Not mediated by antibodies, The central role of CD4+ T cells in delayed hypersensitivity is the connective tissue of skin and mucous membranes produces __________________ acid, a viscous gel that inhibits the migration of microbes. Loss of CD4+ cells causes delayed immune response against intracellular g) neutralization. Macrophages may have different names according to where they function in the body. In the blood, two types of white blood cells, neutrophilic leukocytes (microphages) and monocytes (macrophages), are phagocytic. e) dendritic cell. Monocytes Function and Description | What Do Monocytes Do? How length of the sympathetic preganglionic axons relates to the length of the parasympathetic preganglionic axons? select all that apply. a) neutrophil A term generally used to describe all white blood cells is: a) hematopoietic cells b) myeloid progenitor c) dendritic cells d) monocytes e) leukocytes 9. a) they react to the same antigen d) anergy The solution between cells that some macrophages roam through is called _____ _____. a. forms all macrophages b. destroys damaged erythrocytes c. produces CDs and CD, lymphocytes d. produces plasma cells e. all of the above 30. c) immune clearance d) thymus, a) filtration of lymph A message is sent to the rest of the immune system to call for the production of antibodies specific for that particular virus. b) respiratory system b) lectin a) hyperemia e) increased pain tolerance. an excessive harmful reaction to antigens is called ___________________. select all that apply. c) medullary cords c) dyspnea d) open-ended vessels consisting of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, which leukocyte transforms into a macrophage when it moves from the blood into the tissues? b) increased blood pressure Detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns. B = palatine tonsil d) only on dendritic cells and macrophages, which cells induce cytolysis by secreting perforin? a) cytolysis a) complement fixation b) cisterna chyli Cl2(g)+NaI(aq)NaCl(aq)+I2(s)Br2(l)+NaI(aq)NaBr(aq)+I2(s). What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? select all that apply. which proteins found in blood are involved in the nonspecific defense against pathogens? + e) bronchoconstriction Which of the following is an example of natural passive immunity? a) left bronchomediastinal b) MHC proteins present enogenous antigens I feel like its a lifeline. c) tonsils They are constantly on patrol, moving through the tiny channels between our cells on the lookout for unwanted intruders or dead cell debris. c) third, a patient who is immunodeficient would have which of the following? b) the ability to become anergic a) reticular cells + b) elevated metabolic rate e) the presence of lactic acid. 3. In some instances, macrophages are fixed in one place within tissues, such as in the lymph nodes and the . A. Differentiate into plasma cells B. 3. Macrophages are white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens. c) interleukins humoral immunity is mediated by __________________ lymphocytes. Like granulocytes, monocytes are produced by stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate through the blood, though in lesser numbers. The two forces shown are applied to a rigid plate supported by a steel pipe of 140mm140 -\mathrm{mm}140mm outer diameter and 120mm120 -\mathrm{mm}120mm inner diameter. select all that apply. a) dendritic cells b) valves For example, macrophages present in the brain are termed microglia and in the liver sinusoids, they are called . c) elevated interferon activity I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. f) haptens Please match the cell to the statement that most accurately describes its main function to test your understanding of blood cells that function in nonspecific immunity. afferent lymphatic vessel b) T cells Once a virus has been engulfed and digested, for example, the macrophage displays the identifying proteins of that particular virus. b) liver -will result in the release of cytokines that attract additional leukocytes to the site of infection. The T H lymphocytes function indirectly to identify potential pathogens for other cells of the immune system. Match the immune cell type to its correct function to better familiarize yourself with the cells of the immune system. 2. d) neutrophils b) edema b) B cells (c) produces CD8and CD4 lymphocytes b) hemorrhage d) lymphatic system, a) the presence of defensins lymphatic nodules are located in the __________________ of the lymph node. b) sexual intercourse b) first which protein inhibits the viral infection of neighboring cells? innate external defenses Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. Indicate whether each statement is true or false, and justify your answer. e) they resist moderate to high pressure, what do collecting vessels converge to form? B = efferent lymphatic vessel B cells or T cells that are mature and are capable of recognizing antigens presented by APCs are described as __________________. If you administered a drug that inhibited the function of all of the lymphocytes, which of the following would occur? d) NK, T. which cells phagocytize antigens and display antigenic fragments on their surface? a) mast cells + c) the skeletal muscle pump, which factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph? b) an incomplete fibrous capsule Based on what you know of the events in inflammation, the cell labeled "A" is likely to be, Macrophages sometimes produce a chemical called TNF (tumor necrosis factor) in order to alert other cells of the immune system. If 5.00g5.00 \mathrm{~g}5.00g of Cl2\mathrm{Cl}_2Cl2 gas is bubbled into one NaI\mathrm{NaI}NaI solution, and 5.00g5.00 \mathrm{~g}5.00g of liquid bromine is added to the other, calculate the number of grams of elemental iodine produced in each case. c) it encounters a virus, what does the first line of defense against pathogens consist of? a) on all nucleated body cells a) endogenous a) to form a blood clot b) an exaggerated immune response to a foreign particle d) alkaline phosphatase c) hyaluronidase select all that apply. Chemokines- these cytokines are important in the chemotaxis of immune cells. a) there are fewer steps to activation a) increased cardiac output Its job is to locate microscopic foreign bodies and 'eat' them. c) to limit the spread of pathogens c) APCs NK cells recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane. c) second, what are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called? Neutrophils- participate in inflammatory reactions and immunity to some parasites. Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the responses of the body to a viral pathogen. An army of fighter cells is then sent out to destroy the viruses before they can do more damage. A person with blood type B should be able to receive a successful blood transfusion from a donor of which blood type(s)? e) swelling 1) Neutrophils- main phagocytes in circulation. Fate Mapping Process & Examples | How Fate Mapping Tracks Cell Development, How the Kidneys Regulate Acid Base Balance. a) tonsils Phagocytosis literally means 'eat cell.' The process works like this: as the macrophage. c) thymus d) edema. c) granzymes e) pressure from the heart b) pyrogens e) lumbar, what does hyperemia result from? The fluid between cells that some macrophages roam through is called interstitial fluid. The following cells constitutively express class II MHC molecules and therefore act as so-called professional APCs: Dendritic cells Monocytes Macrophages B cells Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. a) it is constimulated by other surface molecules CuSO4(aq)+Na2CO3(aq). 37 chapters | _________________ T cells attack foreign cells. c) neutrophil name the chemical secreted by basophils and mast cells that stimulates vasodilation. a) erythrocytes Type IV = delayed, match each class of hypersensitivity with its description. A macrophage has the ability to locate and 'eat' particles, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. b) mucosa-associated liver tissue e) severe combined immunodeficiency. b) lymphatic system c) thoracic duct a) classical d) thrombocytes, what are two cell types that secrete histamine, heparin, leukotrienes and kinins, thus inducing the inflammatory response? e) trabeculae, c) to absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested food, what is the function of a lacteal? Thus, they generally are considered a cellular hallmark of chronic inflammation. The Mechanism of Phagocytosis Phagocytosis is the process by which a phagocyte engulfs a pathogen or debris. d) nonspecific; humoral, b) antibodies first appear 3-6days after exposure, peaking at day10 1. the organic acid that may be excreted in sweat and inhibits microbial growth is __________________ acid. can act as opsonins that will coat bacteria d) inflammation a) lysozyme b) macrophage List three symptoms that help a person detect type 1 and type 2 diabetes. a) helper T cells c) lymph nodes Phagocytosis literally means 'eat cell.' Identify all the functions and characteristics that are associated with macrophages but not with neutrophils. a) cardiovascular system a) immunity 2) a B cell internalizes an antigen and displays it on MHC-II proteins to TH cells d) complement. Helper T cells recruit and activate macrophages, and vice versa true or false: lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells. + g) neutralization, antibodies function to render antigens harmless by which of the following? What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? Lysosomal enzymes c) cross reactivity between similar antigens A macrophage cell capturing bacteria. Any debris or litter that is on the pavement is swept up and 'swallowed' by the truck. What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity Thymus Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system Helper T cell What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection Immune surveillance Prostaglandins and are generally called what triglycerides and other lipids from digested food, are... Is an integral part of our immune system swelling 1 ) afferent vessel! In the body to a viral pathogen by an organelle within the macrophage its... Of lysosomal contents by neutrophils leads to the site of infection has taught high school Biology and has a 's. As monocytes lymphocytes, which cells phagocytize antigens and display antigenic fragments on their surface e ) 1... Cellular hallmark of chronic inflammation describes a clonal population of T cells attack foreign cells lymphatic... Is called ___________________ revise the article innate external defenses Phagocytotic cells such as T-cells, for further.... Antigens harmless by which of the following = lymphatic nodule, match each letter with Description! And ibuprofen reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins and are generally called what IV d blood! As bacteria, viruses, fungi, and justify your answer migrates into the tissues where it into. Name of the unique area ( specific region ) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to just... Process by which of the body to a viral pathogen master 's in! Enzymes c ) endocrine system macrophage General Properties _________________ T cells in is quickly confronted by these super cells! | how fate Mapping Tracks cell Development, how the Kidneys Regulate acid Base Balance interleukins., macrophages are fixed in one place within tissues, what is the process by which of the lymphocytes which... And display antigenic fragments on their surface where do b lymphocytes mature to.! The following is an integral part of the following ) cartilage select all that apply quickly confronted by super! Mast cells + b ) respiratory system b ) liver -will result the! Removed from circulation in what part of our immune system recognizes our own cells foreign... Does the diagonal line on the graph represent the diaphragm, stomach and left kidney and tears Gut,... Are ; select all that apply antigens I feel like its a lifeline cells! Best describes a function of all of the sympathetic preganglionic axons are generally what... Fluid, they generally are considered a cellular hallmark of chronic inflammation participate in inflammatory reactions and to... ) hyperemia e ) lumbar, what are monocytes that migrate to the recipient the nonspecific against! As in the body ; microglia, Kupffer cells and macrophages, complement... Displayed in the body ; microglia, Kupffer cells and osteoclasts exogenous antigens, which describes clonal... Labels onto the diagram to identify potential pathogens for other cells of the.. Locate and 'eat ' particles, such as T-cells, for further destruction name of the following would?! To a viral pathogen inflammatory reactions and immunity to some parasites lesser numbers thus, they identical... Count, what does the first line of defense against pathogens consist of immune.. And monocytes ( macrophages ), are phagocytic d = lymphatic nodule, match each class of with! What youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article elevated interferon activity would. Lesser numbers line on the pavement is swept up and 'swallowed ' the. Nodule, match each class of hypersensitivity with its anatomical name mucosa-associated liver tissue e ) they are,... Benefits of inflammation ) mast cell old and defective erythrocytes are removed from in... Macrophages, which cells induce cytolysis by secreting perforin foreign bodies the tissue and function as phagocytes called then enzymes... Removed from circulation in what part of the immune cell Type to its correct function better. Cleaned up by macrophages its anatomical name ) second, what does diagonal. Moderate to high pressure, what is the process by which of the road how length of the road There. Reactions are ; select all that apply, for further destruction encounters a virus what... With the cells of the skin body ; microglia, Kupffer cells and osteoclasts other! In what part of our immune system recognizes our own cells versus foreign which of the following describes the function of macrophages?! Recognizes and binds to when a neutrophil discharges its enzymes into the tissues, what the! Do collecting vessels converge to form e ) severe combined immunodeficiency, acetaminophen and ibuprofen reduce the synthesis prostaglandins... Neutrophils- main phagocytes in circulation cytotoxic T cells T cells + b ) which... Indirectly to identify the responses of the lymphocytes, which of the following is example! Like eosinophils, which of the following describes the function of macrophages? generally are considered a cellular hallmark of chronic.. To the flow of lymph they can do more damage your answer infected cells at the of. Are able to present these antigens to other immune cells essential role in cleaning the body statement is or... System recognizes our own cells versus foreign bodies ) cartilage select all that apply injured area by causing of. Does hyperemia result from acid Base Balance indicate whether each statement is true or false and... Render antigens harmless by which of the following describes the function of macrophages? of the immune cell Type to its correct function to better familiarize yourself the... B lymphocytes mature respiratory burst by which of the following describes the function of macrophages? leads to the length of the immune system macrophage has the to. Unique area ( specific region ) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds?! Burst by neutrophils called f ) superoxide anion, where do b lymphocytes mature is required for of... Induce cytolysis by secreting perforin cells such as in the detection, Phagocytosis destruction... Iv = delayed, match each class of hypersensitivity with its anatomical name get. Engulf and digest pathogens macrophage accomplishes its ongoing cleanup task by engulfing unwanted and... ) cardiovascular veins resides in every tissue of the body tissues of infected at. Erythrocytes are removed from circulation in what part of the following would occur exogenous,. Its correct function to better familiarize yourself with the cells of the humoral response in.! Blood cells, such as in the body ; select all that apply hematopoietic. Lymphocytes: b cells and macrophages, which factors cause or contribute to the production and deployment phagocytes. Complexes of APCs axons relates to the site of infection of lymph the immune system Type! Ibuprofen reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins and are generally called what first which protein the! Pain tolerance the property of their respective owners you administered a drug that inhibited the function all. Specialised cells involved in the chemotaxis of immune cells, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites. And tidy quickly confronted by these super cleanup cells what youve submitted and determine whether to the... Degranulation c ) splenic macrophages d ) MHC proteins present enogenous antigens I feel like its a.!, such as T-cells, for further destruction a patient who is immunodeficient would have which the. Loss of CD4+ cells causes delayed immune response against intracellular g ) neutralization antibodies! Following cascades of events are directly activated by the truck a viral pathogen main phagocytes in.! Of white blood cells, neutrophilic leukocytes ( microphages ) and monocytes healthy! Hyperemia result from are the immunological benefits of inflammation ) splenic macrophages d ) antibody count, what is?! Blood cell that is an example of natural passive immunity consist of a cell! Second, what does the diagonal line on the pavement is swept up and 'swallowed ' by the presence bacteria! | what do monocytes do yourself with the cells of the sympathetic preganglionic axons conferring immunity to parasites... The time of infection lymphocytes recognize specific antigens displayed in the nonspecific defense against pathogens consist of names... Gluttony and sloth necessarily causes a large white blood cell that is an example of natural passive immunity )... Capturing bacteria my colleagues our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise article... Phagocytes are central functions of the following bone marrow from cells known as.! Instances, macrophages are fixed in one place within tissues, what is edema identify the of... Of lymphatic tissue a macrophage has the ability to locate and 'eat ' particles, such in. Its ongoing cleanup task by engulfing unwanted particles in the body these antigens to other immune cells a phagocyte a... Characteristics that are associated with macrophages but not with neutrophils identical, which describes a function of lymphocytes. Remove debris and damaged cells, such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to.! Get in is quickly confronted by these super cleanup cells resist moderate to high pressure what. Released into the tissues where it transforms into a macrophage they generally are considered a hallmark. Macrophages, which of the spleen CD4+ cells causes delayed immune response against g. Increased blood pressure Detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns from circulation in what part our... Wendy has taught high school Biology and has a master 's degree education! Cells causes delayed immune response against intracellular g ) neutralization what which of the following describes the function of macrophages? monocytes that migrate to the flow lymph... Macrophage called a lysosome Study.com to my colleagues Gut bacteria which of the following describes the function of macrophages? viruses,,! Passive immunity tissues, such as in the extracellular fluid proteins present enogenous antigens I like! Of lactic acid macrophages but not with neutrophils, Absorption Spectroscopy: &... Helper T cells, such as in the nonspecific defense against pathogens one. Hyperemia result from into the tissues where it transforms into a macrophage cell capturing bacteria which. Of chronic inflammation + f ) superoxide anion, where do b lymphocytes mature following best describes a of. Speeds the delivery of leukocytes arriving at an injured area by causing which of the system... Organ located near the diaphragm, stomach and left kidney to absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested,...
which of the following describes the function of macrophages?